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　　我们系统里抽象的各个模块，往往有很多不同的实现方案，比如日志模块的方案，xml解析模块等。面向的对象的设计里，我们一般推荐模块之间基于接口编程，模块之间">
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　　我们系统里抽象的各个模块，往往有很多不同的实现方案，比如日志模块的方案，xml解析模块等。面向的对象的设计里，我们一般推荐模块之间基于接口编程，模块之间">
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　　我们系统里抽象的各个模块，往往有很多不同的实现方案，比如日志模块的方案，xml解析模块等。面向的对象的设计里，我们一般推荐模块之间基于接口编程，模块之间">
  
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      Java SPI机制
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        <h3 id="u7B80_u4ECB"><a href="#u7B80_u4ECB" class="headerlink" title="简介"></a>简介</h3><p>　　SPI的全名为Service Provider Interface，究其思想，其实是和回调差不多。回调的思想是在我们调用API的时候，可以自己写一段逻辑代码，传入到API里面，API内部在合适的时候会调用它，从而实现某种程度的定制。 </p>
<p>　　我们系统里抽象的各个模块，往往有很多不同的实现方案，比如日志模块的方案，xml解析模块等。面向的对象的设计里，我们一般推荐模块之间基于接口编程，模块之间不对实现类进行硬编码。一旦代码里涉及具体的实现类，就违反了可拔插的原则，如果需要替换一种实现，就需要修改代码。</p>
<p>　　为了实现在模块装配的时候能不在程序里动态指明，这就需要一种服务发现机制spi：为某个接口寻找服务实现的机制。有点类似IOC的思想，就是将装配的控制权移到程序之外，在模块化设计中这个机制尤其重要。</p>
<h3 id="u89C4_u5219"><a href="#u89C4_u5219" class="headerlink" title="规则"></a>规则</h3><p>　　当服务的提供者提供了服务接口的一种实现之后，在jar包的META-INF/services/目录里同时创建一个以服务接口命名的文件。该文件里就是实现该服务接口的具体实现类。而当外部程序装配这个模块的时候，就能通过该jar包META-INF/services/里的配置文件找到具体的实现类名，并装载实例化，完成模块的注入。 </p>
<p>基于这样一个约定就能很好的找到服务接口的实现类，而不需要再代码里制定。</p>
<h3 id="u793A_u4F8B"><a href="#u793A_u4F8B" class="headerlink" title="示例"></a>示例</h3><p>定义查找接口com.openim.spi.ISearch</p>
<pre><code class="java"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">ISearch</span> </span>{
    <span class="function">String <span class="title">hello</span><span class="params">(String name)</span></span>;
}
</code></pre>
<p>实现接口com.openim.spi.FileSearch</p>
<pre><code class="java"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">FileSearch</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">ISearch</span> </span>{
    <span class="meta">@Override</span>
    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title">hello</span><span class="params">(String name)</span> </span>{
        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">"FileSearch"</span>;
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>实现接口com.openim.spi.FileSearch</p>
<pre><code class="java"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">DBSearch</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">ISearch</span> </span>{
    <span class="meta">@Override</span>
    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title">hello</span><span class="params">(String name)</span> </span>{
        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">"DBSearch"</span>;
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>定义测试类com.openim.spi.Main</p>
<pre><code class="java"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.util.Iterator;
<span class="keyword">import</span> java.util.ServiceLoader;

<span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Main</span> </span>{
    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>{
        ServiceLoader&lt;ISearch&gt; s = ServiceLoader.load(ISearch.class);
        Iterator&lt;ISearch&gt; searchs = s.iterator();
        <span class="keyword">while</span> (searchs.hasNext()) {
            ISearch curSearch = searchs.next();
            String result = curSearch.hello(<span class="string">"test"</span>);
            System.out.println(result);
        }
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>最后创建在META-INF/searvices下创建文件com.openim.spi.ISearch，并输入如下内容</p>
<pre><code class="java">com.openim.spi.FileSearch
com.openim.spi.DBSearch
</code></pre>
<p>运行Main方法，输出如下：<br>FileSearch<br>DBSearch</p>
<p>项目结构如图所示：<br><img src="/images/spi.png" alt="项目结构图"></p>
<h3 id="dubbo_u6269_u5C55"><a href="#dubbo_u6269_u5C55" class="headerlink" title="dubbo扩展"></a>dubbo扩展</h3><p>　　在dubbo框架中，作者对该机制进行了扩展，首先，定义了SPI注解，只有在接口上打了@SPI注解的接口类才会去查找扩展点实现，查找顺序为META-INF/dubbo/internal/   （dubbo内部实现的各种扩展都放在了这个目录）、META-INF/dubbo/、META-INF/services/<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;以Protocol接口为例，接口打上SPI注解，默认扩展点名字为dubbo</p>
<pre><code class="java"><span class="meta">@SPI</span>(<span class="string">"dubbo"</span>)
<span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">Protocol</span></span>{

}
</code></pre>
<p>dubbo中内置实现了各种协议如：DubboProtocol HessianProtocol RmiProtocol<br><img src="/images/dubbo-protocol-impl.png" alt="协议"><br>Dubbo默认rpc模块默认protocol实现DubboProtocol，key为dubbo<br><img src="/images/dubbo-protocol.png" alt="默认protocol"></p>

      
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